BSSS 183
Life Skills
IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment July 2024 & Jan 2025
SECTION-A
Q 1 Why verification and attestation of an affidavit is necessary? Elaborate
Ans. Affidavits are important legal documents that are used in courts and government offices.
They are written statements made by a person, and they are sworn to be true.
These documents are mostly used when someone wants to give a statement without being physically present in the court.
Since affidavits are legal in nature and may affect decisions related to law, it is very important that the information inside them is true and honest.
To ensure this, two important steps are followed—verification and attestation.
Now, let us understand what these two words mean and why they are necessary in the case of an affidavit. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
What is Verification in an Affidavit?
Verification means checking and confirming that the contents of the affidavit are true and correct according to the knowledge of the person who is giving the statement.
When a person writes or signs an affidavit, they must also write at the end of the document that the information written in it is true, correct, and nothing is hidden. This is called the verification part of the affidavit.
Verification is mostly written at the end of the affidavit with a line like:
“I hereby verify that the contents of this affidavit are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief and nothing has been concealed.”
The person who is writing the affidavit, called the deponent, must sign this part.
Why is Verification Necessary?
Prevents False Statements: When people verify that their statement is true, they take responsibility. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
If they lie, they can be punished for giving a false statement under oath.
Makes the Affidavit Trustworthy: The court or government office that reads the affidavit will believe that the person is telling the truth since they have verified it.
Legal Requirement: Many legal matters require that the affidavit must be verified for it to be accepted by the court.
What is Attestation in an Affidavit?
Attestation means that a third person, usually an officer who is authorized by law (such as a notary public, magistrate, or oath commissioner), watches the deponent sign the affidavit and then signs it themselves to confirm that it has been done correctly.
The attesting officer also writes the date and place and puts a stamp or seal on the document. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
This means someone official has seen the person sign the affidavit and can say that it was done without any pressure or fraud.
Why is Attestation Necessary?
Legal Confirmation: Attestation by an officer makes the affidavit a legally valid document.
Without attestation, the document may not be accepted in court or by government authorities.
Protection from Misuse: It ensures that the person making the affidavit is not lying or being forced to sign something.
Proves Identity and Willingness: The officer confirms the identity of the person and checks that they are willingly signing the affidavit without any threat or confusion.
Ensures Proper Procedure: The attesting authority ensures that the affidavit is written properly, in a clear format, and is complete with signatures, dates, and verification lines. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
Examples of When Affidavits Are Used
To better understand the importance of verification and attestation, let us see some real-life uses of affidavits:
In Court Cases: When someone cannot come to court in person, they may submit an affidavit giving their statement in writing. The court will trust it only if it is properly verified and attested.
For Government Services: Affidavits are required in many cases like name change, residence proof, income proof, caste certificate, or while applying for jobs or admissions. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
If not verified or attested, these documents may get rejected.
In Property Matters: Affidavits are used in cases of property disputes, transfer of ownership, or partition.
Verification ensures honesty, and attestation gives legal backing.
In Banking or Passport Services: Sometimes banks or passport offices need affidavits for changes in documents or declarations. Without attestation, these might not be considered valid.
What Happens If Verification or Attestation Is Missing or Wrong?
If an affidavit is not properly verified or attested, it may be rejected by courts or government authorities. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
This can delay the process and cause trouble for the person submitting it.
In some cases, if a person writes false information in an affidavit and verifies it falsely, they can be punished for giving a false declaration under oath, which is a crime.
If the attestation is done by someone who is not authorized, or it is done without proper checking, it can also lead to legal problems.
Sometimes fake affidavits are created for fraud, so proper attestation helps avoid such things. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
Q 2 Maintaining personal hygiene is a must. Comment.
Ans. Maintaining personal hygiene is not just a habit; it is a very important part of our daily life that keeps us healthy and happy.
When we talk about personal hygiene, we mean keeping our body clean, wearing clean clothes, brushing our teeth, washing our hands regularly, and taking care of our hair, nails, and skin.
These may seem like small things, but they play a very big role in protecting us from illnesses and helping us feel confident.
Personal hygiene helps us stay fresh and keeps germs and infections away.
Especially in a country like India, where we face different weather conditions and live in crowded places, following hygiene practices becomes even more necessary.
One of the most basic parts of personal hygiene is bathing daily.
Bathing removes sweat, dust, and germs from our skin. It makes us feel clean and refreshed. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
When we skip bathing for many days, our body starts to smell bad, and bacteria grow on our skin. This can cause skin infections or other health issues.
Along with bathing, wearing clean clothes is also important. Dirty clothes can carry germs and sweat, which may lead to itching, skin rashes, or body odor.
That’s why changing clothes daily and washing them properly is a must.
Another major part of hygiene is keeping our hands clean. Our hands touch so many things throughout the day—doors, phones, money, public places, and even our own face.
If we don’t wash our hands before eating or after using the washroom, germs can easily enter our body and make us sick.
Diseases like stomach infections, diarrhea, flu, and even COVID-19 can spread through dirty hands.
Washing hands with soap for at least 20 seconds is one of the easiest and most effective ways to stay healthy. It’s a habit that should be taught to children from an early age. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
Oral hygiene is also a big part of personal cleanliness. Brushing our teeth twice a day helps in keeping our mouth clean, removes food particles, and protects us from bad breath and tooth problems.
If we don’t clean our teeth daily, it can lead to gum disease, cavities, and even loss of teeth.
Along with brushing, cleaning the tongue and rinsing the mouth after meals also helps.
Using a good toothbrush, replacing it every few months, and visiting the dentist once in a while are simple steps that can save us from a lot of pain later.
Maintaining hair hygiene is equally necessary. Our hair collects dust and oil from the environment, and if not washed regularly, it can become dirty and smelly.
This may also lead to dandruff, lice, and scalp infections. Combing hair daily and washing it two or three times a week is enough for most people.
Nails should also be trimmed regularly because long and dirty nails can carry harmful bacteria, especially when we eat food with our hands.
Many diseases enter our body through the mouth when our hands or nails are not clean. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
Personal hygiene also includes taking care of our private body parts. This is something many people feel shy to talk about, but it is extremely important.
Menstruating girls and women must use clean sanitary products and change them regularly.
Both men and women should wash their private areas properly to avoid infections and bad smell.
Not maintaining hygiene in these areas can cause serious health problems like urinary tract infections or skin irritation.
Apart from physical hygiene, wearing clean socks, shoes, and undergarments is also necessary.
Socks and shoes should be aired and dried properly to prevent fungal infections.
Wet shoes or tight shoes can cause foot odor and skin issues. Undergarments must be changed daily and washed in clean water.
These small habits can make a big difference in our health and comfort.
Keeping our surroundings clean is another form of personal hygiene. If our home, kitchen, or bathroom is dirty, germs will grow and make us sick even if we bathe daily. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
So, personal hygiene should not be limited to our body alone but must include the place we live in.
Dusting, mopping floors, cleaning toilets, and proper disposal of garbage are all important to stay healthy.
Good hygiene also affects our mental health and social life. When we are clean, we feel confident and good about ourselves. It helps in building self-esteem.
People around us also feel comfortable and happy when we look and smell fresh.
On the other hand, if someone has poor hygiene, people may avoid them, and this can lead to loneliness and embarrassment.
So, hygiene is not just about staying clean—it also helps in building better relationships and improving our quality of life.
In schools and workplaces, hygiene matters a lot. Students who stay clean feel more comfortable in school and are less likely to fall sick.
In offices or public places, people who practice good hygiene habits are respected and seen as responsible. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
For people working in food, health, or customer service sectors, hygiene is not just a choice, but a professional requirement.
If someone serves food or takes care of patients with dirty hands or clothes, it can be dangerous.
Teaching hygiene to children from a young age is very important. Parents, teachers, and schools must take this seriously.
Children should be taught how to brush, bathe, clean their nails, wash hands before eating, and keep their surroundings clean.
These habits, once learned early, stay with them for life. Hygiene is not only a personal responsibility but also a social one.
When each person maintains hygiene, it reduces the chances of spreading diseases in society. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
IGNOU BSSS 183 Assignment Question 2024
Q 3 What are different approaches to understand disability?
Ans. Disability is not just a health issue or a physical problem. It is a condition that affects how people live, interact, and participate in society.
Over the years, different approaches have been developed to understand disability in a better way.
Each approach looks at disability from a different angle—some focus on the person’s body, while others look at how society treats people with disabilities.
Let’s understand the main approaches used to understand disability.
- The Medical Model of Disability
This is one of the oldest and most common approaches. The medical model sees disability as a problem within the person.
It believes that the disability is caused by an illness, injury, or a physical or mental condition. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
So, the solution, according to this model, is to treat or cure the person through medical help, therapy, or surgery.
For example, if someone cannot walk, the medical model focuses on giving them a wheelchair, doing surgery, or physiotherapy.
It looks at the person as someone who needs to be “fixed.”
Limitation: This model doesn’t look at how the environment or society may be making life more difficult for the person.
It can sometimes make the person feel like a patient instead of a full human being with rights.
- The Social Model of Disability
This approach came as a response to the medical model. It says that people are not disabled because of their physical or mental condition, but because of barriers in society.
These barriers can be physical (like stairs with no ramps), attitudinal (negative thinking about disabled people), or institutional (rules that exclude them).
So, the problem is not with the person, but with the way society is organized. According to the social model, the focus should be on removing barriers and making spaces more inclusive. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
Example: If a person who uses a wheelchair can’t enter a building because there’s no ramp, the disability is caused by the building design, not by the wheelchair.
- The Biopsychosocial Model
This model is a combination of the medical and social models. It understands that disability is not just about the body or just about society—it’s about both.
It looks at the physical condition, the person’s mental and emotional state, and their social environment together.
This approach is more balanced and tries to provide support both medically and socially.
- The Rights-Based Approach
This approach says that people with disabilities are equal citizens who have the same rights as everyone else.
They should have access to education, jobs, healthcare, and public places. Disability is seen as a human rights issue. The focus here is on inclusion, equality, and empowerment. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
It encourages laws and policies that protect the rights of people with disabilities.
For example, making schools accessible to all children, or giving jobs to people with disabilities without discrimination.
SECTION- B
Q 6 What is Web Browsing? How do search engines facilitate web-browsing?
Ans. Web browsing is the process of exploring information on the internet using a web browser.
It’s like walking through a big digital library where you can open different books (called websites), read, watch videos, shop online, study, or even chat with people.
To do this, we use a software called a web browser. Common examples of browsers are Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, Safari, and Opera.
When you open your browser and type a web address (like www.google.com or www.facebook.com), the browser connects to the internet and takes you to that specific website.
Each website has its own pages, just like chapters in a book, and you can jump from one to another by clicking on links.
This activity of moving around the internet and looking at websites is called web browsing. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
Web browsing can be for many purposes—some people browse to read the news, some for entertainment like watching videos or playing games, some for studying or researching, and others for shopping or social networking.
Whatever the purpose may be, web browsing has become a part of our everyday life.
How Do Search Engines Help in Web Browsing?
Now imagine if you want to find something online, like “how to bake a chocolate cake,” but you don’t know which website to go to. This is where search engines come in.
Search engines are special websites or tools that help you find information on the internet quickly and easily.
Some popular search engines are Google, Bing, Yahoo, and DuckDuckGo. Among these, Google is the most commonly used around the world.
Let’s understand how search engines make web browsing easier and faster.
Keyword Search
When you open a search engine, you see a simple box where you can type anything you’re looking for. This is called the search bar.
You type your keywords—for example, “best smartphones under 20000″—and the search engine shows you a list of websites or pages that match your search. These pages are called search results. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
This way, you don’t have to go to each website one by one. The search engine saves you time and effort by gathering all the related links in one place.
Ranking of Results
Search engines don’t just show random websites. They use smart rules, called algorithms, to show the most useful and relevant results at the top.
The better and more trusted a website is, the higher it appears on the search results page. This is called ranking.
So, when you search for something, the top results are usually more accurate, popular, and trusted by many users. This helps you find correct information quickly.
Auto Suggestions and Corrections
Have you noticed that when you start typing in the search bar, the search engine gives you suggestions even before you finish typing? This feature is called auto-suggestion.
It helps you complete your question and even shows related questions that others have asked. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
If you make a spelling mistake, search engines often correct it or ask, “Did you mean…?” For example, if you type “biolgy notes,” Google might say, “Did you mean biology notes?” This helps you get the right results even if your spelling isn’t perfect.
Filters and Tools
Search engines also allow you to filter your results. You can choose to see only images, videos, news, or shopping links.
You can even choose results from a particular time frame (like past 24 hours or past week) or from a particular country or language.
These tools help you narrow down the information and find exactly what you need without getting lost in too much content.
Search Engine Indexing
Behind the scenes, search engines are constantly working.
They use special software called web crawlers or bots that go through millions of web pages and collect data. This process is called indexing.
The search engine stores this data in its system and uses it when someone searches for information. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
Because of indexing, search engines can find results for your query in just seconds—even though the internet has billions of pages!
- Featured Snippets and Quick Answers
Sometimes, you don’t even need to open a website. Search engines show you a short, direct answer right at the top. These are called featured snippets or answer boxes.
For example, if you search “What is the capital of India?”, Google will show “New Delhi” at the top, along with a short description and a link. This saves time when you want a quick answer.
Voice Search and Visual Search
Modern search engines have smart features like voice search, where you can speak instead of typing.
This is helpful for people who are busy or have trouble typing. You just say something like “Find nearby pizza shops,” and the search engine does the rest.
There is also visual search, where you can upload a picture or click a photo, and the search engine will try to find similar images or related content.
This is helpful for shopping, identifying objects, or learning about unfamiliar things.
Personalized Results
Search engines remember what you have searched before and try to show results based on your preferences and location.
For example, if you often search for sports news, your search engine may show sports updates first. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
Also, if you type “restaurants near me,” it will use your location to suggest nearby places. This makes web browsing more useful and personal.
Q 7 What are some best practices for protecting personal information online?
Ans. In today’s digital world, we use the internet for almost everything—shopping, studying, banking, chatting, and even working.
While this makes life easier, it also puts our personal information at risk. Hackers, scammers, and websites may try to misuse our data.
That’s why it’s very important to protect our personal information online. Here are some best and easy practices everyone should follow:
Use Strong and Unique Passwords
Always create passwords that are hard to guess. A strong password should have a mix of letters (both capital and small), numbers, and symbols.
Don’t use simple passwords like “123456” or your name. Also, don’t use the same password for all accounts. If one gets hacked, others can be at risk too.
Tip: Use a password manager app to remember all your passwords safely.
Turn On Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
2FA adds an extra layer of security. Even if someone gets your password, they still need a second code sent to your phone or email to log in.
Most apps and websites now offer this feature. Always turn it on.
Avoid Sharing Too Much on Social Media
Be careful about what you post online. Don’t share personal details like your address, phone number, school name, or travel plans.
Scammers can use this information to trick or harm you.
Always check your privacy settings and allow only friends or people you trust to see your posts. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
Watch Out for Phishing Scams
Phishing means fake emails or messages that look real and ask you to click on a link or share personal details.
These messages may say things like “Your bank account is blocked” or “You won a prize.”
Never click on links or open attachments from unknown sources. Always double-check the sender’s email address and look for spelling mistakes.
Use Secure Websites Only
When entering sensitive information like your card details or personal info, make sure the website starts with “https://” (the “s” stands for secure).
Also, look for a small lock icon near the web address. Avoid shopping or making payments on sites that don’t have this.
Keep Your Devices Updated
Always keep your mobile, computer, apps, and antivirus software updated. Updates often fix bugs and protect against new threats.
Outdated software is easier for hackers to attack.
Avoid Using Public Wi-Fi for Important Work
Public Wi-Fi (like at cafés or stations) is not always safe. Hackers can easily steal your data on such networks. IGNOU BSSS 183 Free Solved Assignment 2024
Avoid doing online banking or entering passwords on public Wi-Fi. If you must use it, use a VPN (Virtual Private Network) for added safety.
Back Up Your Data Regularly
Sometimes, devices crash or get hacked. If your data is backed up (saved on cloud or external drives), you can still access it.
Make it a habit to back up your important files, photos, and documents.